Very few reports have been published on the subject because experiments of this type are timeconsuming, expensive and require a lot of attention and work 1. Many cfls can directly replace an existing incandescent lamp. The ultraviolet light makes particles that coat the inside of the tube, and these particles glow or fluoresce see how fluorescent lamps work for details fluorescent starters are used in several types of fluorescent lights. Compact fluorescent lamp use vacuum pipe similar to classic strip lamp and princip of energy transformation to light is same. The additional circuit block required for dimming is also shown. Metal electrodes are sealed at the tube ends and conduct electric current from the external circuit to the gas present internally. When the device is forwardbiased, electrons cross the pn junction from the ntype material and recombine with holes in the ptype material. Other advantages of the electronic ballasts are that the light is flickerfree and there. Electronic fluorescent lamp ballast stmicroelectronics. Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp. Led light or light emitting diodes work on the principle.
Fluorescent lamps are also susceptible to temperature fluctuations and underperform in colder temperatures. Light emitting diode operation engineering tutorial. Before going through the working principle of a fluorescent lamp, we will first show the circuit of a fluorescent lamp in other words circuit of tube light. Compact fluorescent lamp simple english wikipedia, the free. Incandescent bulbs are the original form of electric lighting and have been in use for over 100 years. The longterm purpose is to find a correlation between lamp life and the duration of the corresponding cycle. The chart shows the energy usage for different types of light bulbs operating at. Troubleshooting of fluorescent lamps and fixtures problems with fluorescent lamps and fixtures for problems with compact fluorescent lamps specifically, see the section. Pdf compact fluorescent lamps cfl implications for.
Starting characteristics of fluorescent tubes and compact. The fluorescent tube produces visible light by the process of fluorescence. The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube. An electric light is a device that produces visible light from electric current. Ac voltage is converted to pulsating dc voltage using. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy. Jul 09, 2016 the symbol for an led is shown in figure. The compact fluorescent light bulb or lamp is a type of fluorescent lamp generally designed as a replacement for incandescent or halogen lamps.
A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energy saving light. Compact fluorescent bulb working of electronic ballast and components. Finish detergent cleaned with iron phosphate and chromic acid rust inhibitor. Fluorescent lamp by merle henkenius, popular science, october 1991. Circuit diagrams for compact fluorescent lamps eeweb community. The led lighting can be more versatile, efficient and longlasting as compared to compact fluorescent lighting. Each pulse launches about 10 watts of visible light. Compact fluorescent bulbworking of electronic ballast and. It is lower power consumption to 80% and much longer lifetime 5 to 15 times. All about fluorescent lighting by evan powell, popular science, august 1975.
They were invented late in the 20th century and much used after the turn of the century after 2000. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently. Backlight liquid crystal displays, optics, infrared sensors, infra red remote control protocols. Lamp holder vertically mounted white thermoplastic with snapin lamp retainer springs. Jul 12, 2015 12v dc cfl lamp circuit diagram fluorescent light circuits, schematics or diagrams, page 1. A threeus type compact fluorescent lamp, popular with north american consumers since the mid1990s.
A fluorescent light does not have the usual glowing filament of an incandescent bulb, but instead contains a mercury vapor that gives off ultraviolet light when ionized. These bulbs are the energysaving bulbs known as the compact fluorescent light bulb. A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a low pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapor gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, is a type of lamp or light bulb designed to fit into the same space and usually also the same socket as an incandescent bulb, but with the advantages of a fluorescent lamp. Lightningsurge protector circuit using gas discharge tubes gdt surge suppression circuit with vdr advantages and applications.
It is possible to active quite high lighting intensities without excessive temperature rise and owing to the nature of light sources, the danger of galore is minimized. The more frequently they are activated, the shorter the lifetime of the lamp. Compact fluorescent lights cfls and light emitting diodes leds have risen to a great popularity in recent years due. The main emphasis of this paper is to highlight the factors influencing power quality caused by compact fluorescent lamp cfl in terms of total harmonic distortion thd in current and voltage. Power factor correction circuit is also called as valley fill circuit. Fluorescent lamps are lamps in which light is produced as a result of flow of free electrons and ions inside a gas. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. This term was first coined by the british scientist sir george stokes in 1852, following his observations on the mineral fluorite which glows when irradiated with ultraviolet light. What the working principle of attached inverter circuit. Chip resistant powder urethane polyester coating, electrostatic applied and baked. Pdf on jan 10, 2016, atanas tanusevski and others published. By varying the proportions of different phosphors, it. Coldcathode fluorescent lamp circuits related subject. A cfl uses vacuum pipe which is principle wise same to the strip lamps commonly known as tube light.
One of the sections used in the circuit is the power supply which has an interference suppressor as well as filtering capacitor, fuse and bridge rectifier. In some systems, one staff assistant may be responsible for both. During the movement of free electrons, the discharge process gets. Compact fluorescent lamps 71 compact fluorescent lamps visit our website at. The fluorescent lighting systems are working in various operating cycles. What is fluorescent lamp the fluorescent tube consists of a glass tube 25mm in diameter and 0. Electronic compact fluorescent lamps frontier lighting. The objective of this paper is to give the working of electronic control system of cfl. The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting. All three of them use phosphors excited by electrons to create light. There are two major types of compact fluorescent lamp, screwin and plugin.
A typical fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor and containing a pair of electrodes at each end. If the free electron has enough kinetic energy, it transfers energy to the atoms. In technical usage, a replaceable component that produces light from electricity is called a lamp. A compact fluorescent light bulb is a device that uses highfrequency switching. In addition to the usual defective or damaged plugs, broken wires in the cord, general bad connections, fluorescent lamps and fixtures have some unique problems.
A typical application is the use of compact fluorescent lamps with the electronic ballast inside the. Compact fluorescent bulbworking of electronic ballast and components. Document resume ed 027 711 ef 002 628 by allphin, willard primer of school lighting lamps and maintenance. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses. A comparative study on design and operation of fluorescent ijera.
Fluorescent lighting is designed to operate for a certain amount of time, each time it is turned on, and thus fluorescent tubes tend to have shorter lifetimes. When the lamp first turns on, the path of least resistance is through the. The tube contains argon gas at a low pressure of 2. The uv light is converted into standard visible light using a phosphor coating on the inside o. Compact fluorescent lamps have some benefits in comparison with classic light bulbs. Given the increasing the study of fluorescent lamps functioning. This causes electrons in the gas to emit photons at uv frequencies. Tube has on both ends two electrodes faced with barium. Anderson developed many improvements in the fluorescent lamp. Start it up how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks. This type of diode emits narrow bandwidth of visible light or invisible light at different color wavelengths for remote control. Even tv horizontal output transistors with their low gain can be made to work in that kind of circuit, and are very capable of generating loads of rfi.
The heart of a compact fluorescent lamp is the electronic ballast which is made of thermistors, mosfet, capacitors, inductor, transformer etc. May 23, 2019 explains efforts to develop safer, mercury free fluorescent lamps. Apr 20, 2016 share on tumblr construction and working this circuit is constructed with timer ic555 as pulse driver for fluorescent light, the timer ic is configured as multivibrator by the timing resistros r1, vr1 and capacitor c1. Most cfls are designed to replace incandescent lamps and fit into most existing light fixtures. It is possible to include protection against short circuit of the lamp. An old but nonetheless interesting article about the general. What the working principle of attached inverter circuit for. Homesupply chain stores make free cfl recycling widely available. This is a trick similar to the one used by creatures like fireflies and glowworms, whose bodies contain chemicals that make cool light without any heat. Traditionally, energysaving lights save energy by making light without the heat using a completely different process called fluorescence.
Electrical tube light circuit diagram circuit diagram images. Pdf energy efficiency comparison between compact fluorescent. The basic construction of a cfl consists a tube which is curvedspiraled to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. Therefore i will keep the compact fluorescent light bulb burned out. Sep 04, 2019 this is diy inductor coil from compact fluorescent light.
A fluorescent lamp circuit article in ieee transactions on circuits and systems i fundamental theory and applications 465. How compact fluorescent lamp cfl works working principle. Diy inductor coil from compact fluorescent light eleccircuit. Share on tumblr construction and working this circuit is constructed with timer ic555 as pulse driver for fluorescent light, the timer ic is configured as multivibrator by the timing resistros r1, vr1 and capacitor c1. This is diy inductor coil from compact fluorescent light. It is filled with an inert gas typically argon which acts as conductor and also consists of mercury liquid. Before going through the working principle of a fluorescent lamp, we will first show the circuit of a. Recall from chapter 1 that these free electrons are in the conduction band and at a higher energy than the holes in the valence band.
The circuit diagrams pertain to how compact fluorescent lamps were made to provide several benefits like longer life span and lower power consumption as compared with classic light bulbs. The normal luminous viability of fluorescent lighting frameworks is 50 to100 lumens per watt, which is a few times the adequacy of incandescent lamps with equivalent light yield. A fluorescent lamp generates light from collisions in a hot gas plasma of free accelerated electrons with atoms typically mercury in which electrons are bumped up to higher energy levels and then fall back while emitting at two uv emission lines 254 nm and 185 nm. Coldcathode fluorescent lamp circuits, ccfl control. You can see how this system works in the diagram below. When the lamp first turns on, the path of least resistance is through the bypass circuit, and across the starter switch. Mar 15, 2020 a fluorescent lamp tube is loaded with a gas containing lowpressure mercury vapor and argon. The color characteristics of the light, and to a large extent the efficacy, are determined by the chemical elements used to create the phosphor coating. Pdf impact of compact fluorescent lamp on power quality. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and the circuitry which makes. Its known as the compact fluorescent light bulb, or cfl, and its illumination comes by way of a much different mechanism.
Compact fluorescent lamp simple english wikipedia, the. A comparative study on design and operation of fluorescent. It consists of two contact strips, one normal and one bimetallic, which are normally open, enclosed in. Here we connect one ballast, and one switch and the supply is series as shown. Cfls for the home have a builtin ballast at the base to convert line voltage to voltage that will light a bulb. Pdf the desire to reduce electrical loading by using energy efficient lighting has. The selection of compact fluorescent bulb available to consumers has risen dramatically in the past few years, and it is anticipated that this trend will continue. Rated hours initial lumens mol length mod diameter 5 mini spiral cand.
Fluorescent lighting has a great advantage over other light sources in any application. Lamp shall have a correlated color temperature of 2700k or 3000k 0. Anderson was a professor at rensselaer polytechnic institute and employee of general electric with 27 patents 1970 1992 related to lamp technology. Compact fluorescent cfl compact fluorescent lights cfls are very popular for saving energy, usually about 75% savings over incandescent bulbs. Disadvantages are longer starts mainly at more expensive types, impossibility to use darker and price. Most cfls are designed to replace incandescent lamps and fit into most. Because of this ballast these bulbs tend to be bigger than incandescent bulbs and may not fit well in certain light fixtures or lamps. Comparison of compact fluorescent lamp with 105 w, 36 w, and 11 w power consumption a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. The basic operation of the lightemitting diode led is as follows. Kathode has high temperature about 900 degree celsius and generates many electrons which are accelerated by voltage between electrodes and hits atoms of argon and. It is the most common form of artificial lighting and is essential to modern society, providing interior lighting for buildings and exterior light for evening and nighttime activities. Working principle of fluorescent lamp polytechnic hub. During the movement of free electrons, the discharge process gets established.
These compact fluorescent reflector lamps are directional sources. Compact fluorescent lamps cfl a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy saving light, is a type of fluorescent lamp. I tried it and it works well for short lamps of the 18wtype but very unstable with the large ones. The inward surface of the lamp is coated with a fluorescent and frequently marginally luminous. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and.
This coating is made of shifting mixes of metallic and uncommon earth phosphor salts. Conventional lamp ballast the simplest form of ballast is an inductor. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces shortwave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. Fluorescent lamps are the new generation of light sources. With their rise in popularity, we can expect ongoing improvements to compact fluorescent lamp technology and lowered bulb costs in future. The compact fluorescent lamp consists of a sodalime glass tube filled with a few torr of gas basically argon and a drop of mercury.
Electronic ballasts contain a small circuit board with a bridge rectifier, a filter. Mar 15, 2020 a fluorescent lamp has changed over electrical energy into useful light energy to a great deal more proficiently than incandescent lamps. While thomas edison is widely considered to be the inventor of the incandescent bulb, there are a number of people who invented components and prototypes of the light bulb well before edison did. Use a closed core ferrite for the inductor and keep all wiring as short as possible, and the results should be at least tolerable. Compact fluorescent vs incandescent lamp rated ballast system system system energy type lamp life factor lumens wattage lpw savings 26 watt dulux d ecologic 10,000 hours. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the. Instead of a glowing filament, cfls contain argon and mercury vapor housed within a spiralshaped tube. The transistor bd243c acts as switching trnasistor, here stepdown. Circuit diagrams for compact fluorescent lamps eeweb. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and the circuitry. The operating principle of the fluoroscent lamp has very. A fluorescent tube light consists of a lime glass tube drop of mercury argon gas phosphor coating electrode coils mounting assemblies aluminum cap total set up of a lamp requires two bases and electromagnetic ballast or choke coil with a starter.
Inside it, a small amount of mercury is present which got vapourises when the electric current passes through it. The magazine elektor developed a dimming circuit for fluorescent lamps running at 230 v which is wired in parallel to the lamp at the place where usually the glow starter is located. Screw in lamps are selfballasted and can generally be placed in an existing screw socket without any additional equipment. Lamp isotronic 11w use a little modified wiring, where doesnt exists starting circuit with a diac. Compact fluorescent lamp bigluz 20w use classic wiring with a small changes. Output switching pulse is taken from pin 3, this pulse duration can be varied by varying vr1 resistor. Jun 28, 2017 the heart of a compact fluorescent lamp is the electronic ballast which is made of thermistors, mosfet, capacitors, inductor, transformer etc. How compact fluorescent lamps workand how to dim them ee times. Figure 1 shows a driving circuit for a fluorescent lamp operated from the 220240v mains.
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